Archive for February, 2013


Feb

26

Xenophobia Is Not Just the Name of a Death Metal Band


Posted by at 4:26 pm on February 26, 2013
Category: General

What They Don't Know Won't Hurt Us - Public DomainThis is a slightly off-topic post, but since many export professionals also have security clearance issues in their portfolio, I think they might find this post interesting. I also make a labored attempt to find an export law connection in the last paragraph of this post for any traditionalists out there.

The following item ran as a letter to the editor in today’s Washington Post:

Kudos to John Hamre [“This is no way to weed out spies,” Washington Forum, Feb. 22] for taking on some of the absurdities in how our government investigates candidates for security clearances.

During the most recent investigation into my own clearance renewal, the responsible agency refused to sign off. The reason? I had failed to file a foreign-contact report on an English-born woman I had known for many years and with whom I am still close. At that point in time, I had held a top clearance for more than 20 years and had served in several positions of significant trust. I had even disclosed the relationship on my application, but the government was correct: I had never filed that report.

I asked for a waiver on the grounds that she was naturalized in 1955 and had therefore been an American longer than me, even providing a copy of her naturalization certificate. It was all to no avail, however, so I dutifully filed a report disclosing that I was in regular contact with my mother. My clearance was renewed a few weeks later.

If this kind of thinking from the federal government is encountered in gauging compliance by foreign licensees with the (relatively) new dual national rules, no one will ever rely on the exception in those rules for certain foreign dual nationals. Those rules require foreign licensees to determine whether foreign dual nationals with one nationality in an embargoed country have too much contact with other persons in the embargoed country. If a foreign national still talks to his mother in, say, China, then there could be trouble. Maybe it’s okay if the employee in that situation just sends his mom a card on Mother’s Day and leaves it at that. Phone calls and trips home, however, are out of the question.

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Feb

22

First SEC Iran Disclosures Unearth Sale of Two Cars to Iranian Embassy


Posted by at 5:18 pm on February 22, 2013
Category: Iran SanctionsSEC

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission headquarters by AgnosticPreachersKid http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission_headquarters.JPG (CC BY-SA 3.0)Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“ITRSHRA”) requires that publicly-traded companies disclose in their annual and quarterly filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) certain dealings that the filers or any of their “affiliates” have had with Iran during the reporting period. Among the transactions required to be reported are any transactions with the Government of Iran “without the specific authorization of a Federal department or agency.”

There is no materiality or dollar amount threshold to this obligation to report dealings with Iranian government.  As a result, this obligation  seemingly extends to even the most trivial transaction, including legal transactions by foreign “affiliates” that are not controlled by U.S. persons and are therefore not subject to the prohibitions of section 218 of ITRSHRA

With that in mind, we have the latest Form 10-Q filed by Toyota Motor Credit Corporation (“TMCC”) which discloses that in the last quarter of 2012 an Indonesian subsidiary of Toyota Motor Company (“TMC”), a Japanese company, manufactured two automobiles worth $37,000 which another Indonesian subsidiary of TMC sold to the Iranian Embassy in Jakarta.

Because the two Indonesian companies were not controlled by TMCC these sales weren’t prohibited by Section 218 of ITRSHRA. Further, because the two cars were manufactured in Indonesia, they weren’t otherwise subject to the U.S. sanctions given that they likely had less than 10 percent U.S. origin controlled content. But since TMCC and the two Indonesian companies were under common control of TMC, they were “affiliates” of TMCC (as defined by Exchange Act Rule 12b-2), meaning that these miniscule transactions had to be reported by TMCC.

It is not clear what purpose is served by requiring companies to report such stuff other than, I suppose, to impose the regulatory hassle on any and every public company to ferret out penny ante deals by distant foreign affiliates with Iran. I, for one, look forward to upcoming revelations of, say,  some U.S. company that has an affiliated foreign grocery store chain that sold a loaf  of bread to an Iranian diplomat in Vilnius.

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Copyright © 2013 Clif Burns. All Rights Reserved.
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Feb

21

U.S. May Be Considering Dropping Cuba from Terrorist Country List


Posted by at 5:01 pm on February 21, 2013
Category: Cuba Sanctions

Baracoa Main Street by Jorge E. San Roman http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baracoa_5705.JPG (CC BY-SA 2.5)It appears that the Department of State may be considering removing Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism. The immediate impact of this will be howls of outrage from the rabid Babalú crowd and other die-hard supporter of Cuba sanctions. Of course, of more interest to the readership of this blog will be the practical impact of such a removal, if it occurs, on exports to Cuba.

If you think that the removal of Cuba from the list will permit unlicensed exports of food, medicine and agricultural goods to Cuba, think again. Although section 7205 of the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 (“TSRA”) does indeed impose a license requirement on shipments of these goods to state sponsors of terrorism, it also directly imposes that restriction on TSRA exports to Cuba. So a license will still be required even if Cuba is removed from the list.

Section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act prohibits granting licenses for the export of items on the United States Munitions List to state supporters of terrorism. So there is a theoretical possibility, I suppose, that if Cuba is removed from the list, the arms embargo against Cuba might also be lifted. Right. When pigs fly.

Then we have Section 6(j) of the now-defunct Export Administration Act as allegedly extended in force by various executive orders.  That provision requires that certain licenses for exports of goods on the Commerce Control List to state sponsors of terrorism be notified to Congress. Since licenses for CCL items are rarely granted in any event for Cuba, and seem unlikely to be granted even if Cuba is removed from the list, this doesn’t seem to an area in which Cuba’s removal would have much impact.

In sum, removal of Cuba from the list seems largely symbolic and with little practical effect. At most, it could presage a liberalization of the embargo down the road, particularly if the current Cuban government gnaws on this bone a little rather than simply regarding it with disdain.

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Feb

19

Export Complaint Filed with OECD


Posted by at 6:23 pm on February 19, 2013
Category: OECD

OECD's Château de la Muette and Conference Centre by OECD http://www.flickr.com/photos/oecd/4294496269/ (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
ABOVE: OECD Headquarters

Privacy International, Reporters Without Borders, and three other NGOs filed complaints with the OECD against two companies alleging that their export of surveillance software and systems to Bahrain violated the human rights of dissidents in the kingdom that were, thereafter, placed under surveillance by the Bahraini government. This blog has reported on one of these companies and export issues surrounding its surveillance tools here.

It is probably safe to say that neither company subject to the complaint is quaking in its boots.  Read this summary from the OECD of the complaint process and you will understand why. To begin with, the complaint process is, shall we say, completely toothless. An OECD complaint is filed with the National Contact Point (“NCP”) for the member state in which the company is located. That NCP has no power to impose any penalties on the companies involved or even to require any remedial action. The most it can do is issue a report and offer to mediate between the NGOs and the companies.

In fact, the companies subject to the complaint aren’t even required to participate. As the summary itself admits:

In 13 of the 45 NGO complaints submitted as of September 2005, companies refused the NCP’s offer of a dialogue. In one complaint filed with the US NCP, several companies never responded to correspondence offering to facilitate an informal dialogue.

Moreover, as the OECD itself admits in the aforementioned summary, the process may “take months, possibly more than a year.” And once the NCP has accepted the complaint, the proceedings are confidential. Finally, if the NGO is dissatisfied with any report issued by the NCP, there is no right of appeal to the Investment Committee of the OECD.

I don’t think there is any need to worry that the OECD will become a multinational export enforcement agency.

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Feb

15

Prosecutor Denies That She Wanted to Indict NASA on Export Charges


Posted by at 2:49 pm on February 15, 2013
Category: General

Representatives Smith and WolfLast week, Aviation Week repeated claims by House members Frank Wolf and Lamar Smith that employees of NASA’s Ames Research Center were being investigated for unauthorized release of ITAR-controlled technical data. Specifically, the two members claimed that the NASA employees released information about a space propulsion system at a conference at which Chinese nationals and foreign officials were present. But the kicker, according to Wolf and Smith, was this:

We were very concerned to learn earlier this week that despite the U.S. Attorney’s request for permission from the Justice Department to proceed with indictments, this request was recently denied without explanation, despite the backing of both the FBI and the U.S. Attorney’s office. We are deeply concerned that political pressure may be a factor and are formally requesting an investigation into the circumstances of the Justice Department’s actions with regard to this case.

But, according to a report in yesterday’s Mountain View Voice, the prosecutor allegedly making the request to indict said that the two Congressman were wrong.

On Feb. 12 a statement from Melinda Haag, the U.S. attorney for the Northern District of California, contradicted Wolf. She denied that her office had sought an indictment.

“I am aware of allegations our office sought authority from [the Justice Department in Washington, D.C., to bring charges in a particular matter and that our request was denied,” Ms. Haag said, according to the Washington Times. “Those allegations are untrue. No such request was made, and no such denial was received.”

Of course, I’m shocked, shocked to hear that Congressmen might get export matters wrong.

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Copyright © 2013 Clif Burns. All Rights Reserved.
(No republication, syndication or use permitted without my consent.)