Archive for the ‘Iran Sanctions’ Category


Feb

14

OFAC Expands License for Personal Communications Items to Iran


Posted by at 1:24 pm on February 14, 2014
Category: Iran Sanctions

By Alireza Javaheri (http://www.panoramio.com/photo/50249960) [CC-BY-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ATehran_-_Azadi_Tower.jpgLast week, the Office of Foreign Assets Control issued General License D-1 relating to provision of personal communications software, services and hardware to Iran.  This general license amends and replaces, as of February 7, 2014, General License D on the same subject. The following changes are made by the amendment

  • The amended license now permits exports of covered software, services and hardware by non-U.S. persons to Iran.
  • Additionally, hardware and software that is not subject to the EAR, because it is located outside the United States or otherwise, can be exported to Iran by U.S. and foreign persons.
  • The amendment also cleans up an embarrassing drafting error. General License D permit exports to “persons in Iran” rather than “to Iran,” meaning that it did not authorize persons traveling to Iran to carry covered hardware and software with them for personal use when traveling to Iran. General License D-1 makes clear that exports are authorized “to Iran” and that this covers travelers to Iran.
  • Exports of publicly available, no-cost services and software to the Iranian Government are now authorized.
  • A footnote makes clear that payments can involve indirect dealings with Iranian financial institutions blocked only under Executive Order 13599 (as opposed to Iranian banks like Bank Saderat and Bank Melli that are sanctioned under terrorism and WMD sanctions).

The FAQs on General License D-1 provide some insight into why this General License, rather unusually, permits dealings with the Government of Iran. They note that the authorization includes the Government of Iran “to further ensure that the sanctions on Iran do not have an unintended chilling effect” on companies seeking to make available publicly available, no-cost personal communications tools to persons in Iran. What this means, I think, is that when no-cost software or services are at issue, it is impossible for the provider to tell whether the recipient is an Iranian government official or not. This exception is limited to no-cost software and services presumably because when payment is required the provider will at least have a name of the supposed end-user of the software and services. Even then, it’s not clear how a company providing fee-based personal communications software to, say, Edward Casaubon in Tehran can tell whether Mr. Casaubon is an Iranian government official or simply a tiresome and frustrated author bearing an uncanny resemblance to John Locke.

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Copyright © 2014 Clif Burns. All Rights Reserved.
(No republication, syndication or use permitted without my consent.)

Feb

5

BIS Takes the Gloves Off


Posted by at 10:41 pm on February 5, 2014
Category: BISIran Sanctions

Nitrotough Gloves http://www.marigoldindustrial.com/upload/img/nitrotoughN230B_web_situation_205x205.jpg [Fair Use]New Jersey based Ansell, maker of, among other things, protective gloves and protective, er, intimate apparel, was fined $190,000 in connection with the shipment of $73,700 of protective gloves to Iran. A French company affiliated with Ansell was also fined $190,000 in connection with these shipments.

The most interesting part of this case is the evasion charge under § 764.2(h) that BIS tacked on. Basically BIS charged that evasion occurred because the company transshipped the gloves through the UAE. Of course, most cases involving shipping to embargoed countries involve transhipment through a third country — usually the UAE — and yet BIS does not normally charge evasion in those cases, as it did not in this case. The charging documents here contain an extensive description of communications among the employees involved discussing the need to use a “middle company” in a third country to get around the embargo, so this may have been the motivating factor, although such discussions more normally used as a basis for adding an “acting with knowledge” charge under § 764.2(e)

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Jan

29

OFAC Likely Meets Tough Sell on Iran Sanctions Road Show to the Middle East


Posted by at 6:14 pm on January 29, 2014
Category: Economic SanctionsIran SanctionsOFACSanctions

By Jean-Pierre Bazard Jpbazard (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALe_navire_cargo_%E2%80%98%E2%80%99Iran_Sadr%E2%80%98%E2%80%99_(6).jpg

The Treasury Department announced on Monday that Under Secretary David Cohen is traveling to Turkey and the UAE this week to discuss the implementation of the U.S. sanctions relief under the Iranian nuclear pact.  As important as the trip itself, the message to be delivered, according to the Treasury Department, will include a focus on “the limited and temporary sanctions relief provided under the [pact] and continued enforcement of existing international economic sanctions against Iran.”

Both Turkey and the UAE are critical to Iran’s foreign trade.  Turkey is Iran’s third-largest export and import partner, and Iran imports more from the UAE than anywhere else, accounting for approximately a third of Iran’s total imports.  Almost six years ago, we reported on Iran’s reliance on trade with the UAE and, respectively, the UAE’s apparent complicity to trade with Iran in ways that would be in violation of U.S. law.  In fact, Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid al-Maktoum, crown prince of Dubai and prime minister of the UAE, told the BBC earlier this month, that international sanctions against Iran should be lifted.  He added that “Iran is our neighbor and we don’t want any problem” and, if international sanctions are lifted, “everybody will benefit.”  Not exactly on point with U.S. sanctions policy.

As the Treasury Department appropriately describes, the U.S. sanctions relief under the nuclear pact is “limited” and is rather more of a U.S. pledge that sanctions will not be imposed against non-U.S. persons engaging in certain activities vis-à-vis Iran.  The emphasis to Turkey and the UAE, therefore, must be that U.S. sanctions are, in effect, at status quo in order to stem off any impression in the Middle East that U.S. sanctions against Iran are softening.

The challenge remains as it always has been: getting Turkish, UAE and other Middle Eastern buy-in to U.S. sanctions policy against Iran.  While Under Secretary Cohen may present some carrots on his trip, the stick to wield was announced along with his trip in highlighting “continued enforcement of existing international sanctions.”  The message, of course, would be that U.S. sanctions enforcement of Iran-related activities taking place in Turkey and the UAE will be bad for business in both countries.

Our advice to exporters remains the same as it was almost six years ago: know your customers especially well in Turkey and the UAE to ensure as best as possible that your business does not involve dealings with Iran.

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Jan

23

We Get Mail


Posted by at 12:54 pm on January 23, 2014
Category: Iran Sanctions

Somebody was reading Export Law Blog but was so busy looking for an email address to spam that they forgot to, you know, read the blog and see that I might have some difficulty in using her services to ship things through the port of Bandar Abbas in Iran.  Or perhaps she just has a very wry sense of humor:

And thank you, “Ms. Pari,” for the kind offer of your services. I’m glad you were glad to take the opportunity to contact me. So sorry it didn’t work out.

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Jan

9

Be Careful What You Post on Facebook


Posted by at 6:58 pm on January 9, 2014
Category: BISIran Sanctions

Pouya Airlines IL 76 at Antalya Airport via https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.546519808709147.135602.240207326007065&type=1 [Fair Use]We’ve all heard the story of exuberant youngsters who find their career hopes dashed because they posted on Facebook pictures of themselves half-clothed and glassy-eyed with a margarita in one hand and a bong in the other. It’s a cautionary tale, for sure, and has certainly meant that many people have realized that they perhaps should confine pictures of their latest bacchanalian orgy to a more discrete mode of distribution among friends than Facebook. If you wouldn’t send it to your grandmother, don’t post it on your Facebook page, right?

So, you’re wondering, what does this have to do with export law? Well, believe it or not, it relates to a possible explanation of a recent temporary denial order issued by the Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) on January 3 against 3K Aviation and others related to the planned export on January 7 of U.S.-origin aircraft engines by 3K from Turkey to Iran via the Iranian cargo carrier Pouya Airline. Many people have expressed surprise that a TDO would be issued that forbade all export related activity by 3K rather than an order forbidding the export of the engines at issue given that the order was issued before the export at issue had even taken place. Typically, as in the Mahan Air case, the TDO is issued after the forbidden export has occurred and prohibits all export-related activity during the effective period of the TDO.

On 3K’s Facebook page, you can (still) find a photo gallery titled “IL 76 Engine Loading” and dated December 27. 2012, long before the TDO. The IL 76 is the Ilyushin cargo aircraft operated by Pouya Airlines. Here is a screen capture of the Facebook page showing the Pouya IL 76 sitting at the Antalya Airport in Turkey. And here is a screen capture from the page of the happy pilots in the IL 76 about to carry their engines back to Iran. (You can easily find images of the IL 76 cockpit on-line if you want to verify that this is an IL 76 cockpit.) In other words, the planned January 7 shipment of U.S aircraft engines to Iran was possibly not the first time that 3K had exported U.S. items to Iran.

For its part, 3K is saying that it’s now planning to ship the engines back to the seller in Germany. Of course, under the denial order they can’t export the engines back to Germany without BIS authorization. And here’s a Catch-22: under the TDO they can’t even store the engines without violating the order.  Whatever 3K does, it will violate the order.

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Copyright © 2014 Clif Burns. All Rights Reserved.
(No republication, syndication or use permitted without my consent.)