The Federation of American Scientists has received, pursuant to an FOIA request, a complete list of the unfavorable determinations from the “end-use” or “Blue Lantern” checks conducted by the State Department during FY 2002 through 2004. Under the Blue Lantern program, U.S. embassy personnel (and sometimes DDTC personnel) engage in investigations overseas to investigate suspicious export license requests and post-shipment reports of misuse or diversion.

Annual reports from DDTC have provided some information relating to unfavorable “Blue Lantern” determinations including an analysis of unfavorable determinations by region and commodity. These reports, however, did not single out individual countries. The FOIA disclosures provide data on specific countries for FY 2002 through 2004, and the results are interesting:

Additionally, the report showed one unfavorable determination for each of the following countries: Bosnia, Botswana, Chile, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominica. Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Macau, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Turkey and Uruguay.

Obviously, Malaysia and Bolivia have won awards that no country would particularly want to win. In Malaysia’s case most of the unfavorable determinations related to aircraft parts. For Bolivia, the determinations involved firearms and riot control agents. Additionally, the appearance of Hong Kong as third on the list would appear to rebut the notion, frequently expressed by BIS at least, that Hong Kong has an exemplary export control program.

Now, here’s an inquiry for our readers. I am pretty sure that during a presentation on Blue Lantern by a DDTC official I heard the origin of the term “Blue Lantern” for the program. For the life of me, I can’t remember it, nor can I find it anywhere. A blue lantern is a signal, for railroad workers, that a car is being worked on and should not be moved, but that doesn’t seem a likely candidate. Nor does the use of a blue lantern by the Confederate submarine Hunley to signal that it sank the USS Housatonic seem an appropriate reference. So, does anyone know what “Blue Lantern” signifies?

Last week DDTC posted a notice on its website warning license applicants that their license applications would be returned if the applicant’s name on the license application did not exactly match the name on the applicant’s registration. Unsure of your exact name as registered? Don’t call DDTC, because they won’t tell you. A “mass-mailing” in January 2007 is promised in which everyone will be told their DDTC approved names. If Internet gambling were allowed, I might make a book on the likelihood of that actually occurring in January.

Even more ominous is a sentence slipped in at the very end of the notice:

Subsequent Web site notices which will be posted shortly on the following related matters:

. . .

2. Implementation of new procedures in the Office of Defense Trade Controls Compliance (Compliance & Registration Division) to reject deficient registration submissions.

This seemingly innocent promise should be filed in the “I Told You So” Folder. DDTC’s new informal guidelines under Part 129 expanded the scope of overseas sales representatives that will now be required to file registration applications. Most of these sales reps are foreign nationals for whom English is not their first language and for whom correctly filing out a Form DS-2032 is complicated by DDTC’s confusing and inconsistent instructions as we’ve pointed out before. So we predicted a wave of deficient registration applications and it now seems we were probably right.

Lockheed Martin agreed in December to a $3 million civil penalty in connection with ITAR violations committed by its subsidiary Sippican. The order imposing the fine was entered on December 12.

Sippican was involved in developing the electronic payload for the NULKA missile decoy that was being jointly developed by the U.S. Navy and the Government of Australia. As part of that project, Sippican obtained various TAAs permitting disclosure of technical data related to the NUKLA program to BAE Systems Australia.

According to the charging letter that preceded the consent agreement, Sippican continued to provide technical data after a TAA had expired, provided technical data to parties not authorized under the TAA, and provided technical data explicitly excluded by a proviso to one of the TAAs. In particular, Sippican provided controlled technical data classified at a level higher than Secret even though the TAA in effect at the time only permit transfer of data up to the Secret level.

During discussions with DDTC, Sippican attempted to argue that it transferred the classified data in question because that was required by the Navy contract. DDTC was not amused:

Throughout the investigation, Sippican officials further asserted that the ITAR-controlled technical data transferred, including the technical data classified at a level higher than SECRET, was consistent with their contractual obligations with the U.S. Navy. Sippican also failed to recognize that contractual obligations, even with U.S. Government agencies, do not take precedent [sic] over the Regulations and the Act. . . . After numerous requests for additional information and several meetings with Department personnel, Sippican acknowledged that a contract with a U.S. Government Agency is not a substitute for any export authorizations that might be required.

DDTC is, of course, correct that a government contract does not eliminate the need for an export license.

That being said, it seems that DDTC did not fully understand the background that I surmise led Sippican to make that argument. This would not be the first time that military contracting officers, anxious for the contract to proceed rapidly, pressured contractors to provide deliverables or data without going through the 3-4 month wait (or more) for an export authorization from DDTC. Indeed, in more than one instance with which I’m aware, the contracting officer has represented that no license was necessary precisely because the military was requesting the unlicensed export.

Of course, I only suspect that had happened here because of Sippican’s insistence on pointing to the Navy contract as an excuse; there is no direct evidence that it did happen. But had that been the case, a $3 million dollar fine would certainly be an excessive penalty

Thanks to a consent agreement released last week, 2007 will have one less export consultant than 2006. Under that agreement, DDTC debarred Security Assistance International from exporting, or participating in the export of, defense articles, although the company can apply for reinstatement in one year.

The charging letter revealed that SAI was engaged in the practice of using its own DDTC registration number to facilitate exports by its customers. For example, in one transaction singled out by DDTC, SAI applied, under its own registration number, for various export licenses to export Tenebraex Gen III night vision to Germany without pointing out that Tenebraex — and not SAI — was the actual exporter of the equipment. Tenebraex itself was not registered with the DDTC, which was the apparent reason that SAI used its own number and held itself out as the exporter.

Three violations were alleged by DDTC because of these transactions. First, SAI violated the provisions of section 127.2(a) of the ITAR, which forbids misrepresentation in license applications. Second, SAI aided and abetted an export by an unregistered exporter in violation of section 127.1(d). Finally, because SAI was not the real exporter it naturally did not have any copies of records relating to the actual export of the item, which was a violation of the record-keeping requirements of section 122.5.

An unusual aspect of this case is that it is hard to read the charging letter without coming to the conclusion that DDTC might have done a significant service to the export community in this case. The charging letter takes particular note of certain questionable claims made by SAI’s website. For example, DDTC notes that the website claims that SAI had since 1980 delivered 19,500 licenses for its clients. A footnote inserted by DDTC wryly notes:

DDTC records do not corroborate this claim. Licensing indices show SAI having a total of 14 approved authorizations

No response from SAI as to the reason for this, er, discrepancy is noted in the charging letter

DDTC also notes that the website claims compliance and training are SAI’s specialty. This claim is made even though, in 1999, SAI agreed to a debarment (which lasted until 2001) for forging its clients signatures on export license applications, filing applications for unregistered firms, failing to keep adequate records and violating the brokering regulations.

Notwithstanding SAI’s debarment, its website, located at the URL www.exportlicense.net, is still alive and well and continues to offer a variety of export services to potential clients. No mention is made of the 1999 debarment or the current debarment. Nonetheless, the website continues to boast about SAI’s compliance expertise:

Knowledge of the laws governing exports/imports and the regulations, policies, and procedures to implement those laws form the foundation of our service. Staying current is a challenge we meet by attending seminars offered by the ODTC

I suppose SAI must have stopped attending those seminars after DDTC changed its name from ODTC.

On Tuesday, with little fanfare and with no announcement that I could find, DDTC’s website was moved to a secret new address and went into hiding. Most export professionals had grown fond of DDTC’s unique URI: http://www.pmdtc.org. This was, until its disappearance, the only federal government website that I know of using the .org domain rather than a .gov domain, for reasons that no one has ever been able to explain (at least to me).

Typically when websites migrate to a new address they put a redirect on the old site for a while. You know, you’ve seen it before.

GenericWebsite.com has moved to GenericWebsite.us. Please update your bookmarks. Click here if you are not redirected in 10 seconds.

But DDTC didn’t do that. Nope, the old site just went poof. Since I have to imagine that the IT folks at DDTC knew how to do a redirect, this must be another effort by DDTC to go into hiding, as DDTC did when it declared that licensing officers won’t answer their phones until at least January.

Well, the gig is up! We found the new site. The new address is http://pmddtc.state.gov. Notice that sneaky extra ‘d’ that’s been inserted into ‘pmdtc’ just to make it harder to find and remember. At least, the new address isn’t pmodtc.state.gov. Now that would have been really confusing.